二维多翼升力的简化计算模型与布局优化

在势流框架内,针对多翼绕流相互干扰的动力学现象开展了研究.结合线性薄翼理论与四分之一四分之三点涡模型,建立了多翼升力的快速计算模型,能够简便高效地估算多翼系统的各个翼升力.基于此计算模型,分析了翼的个数和间距对多翼升力的影响,得到了使总升力达到最大的最优间距布置.     

Mental models of driving and speed: biases,choices and reality

This paper provides a review of research performed by Svenson with colleagues and others work on mental models and their practical implications. Mental models describe how people perceive and think about the world including covariances and relationships between different variables, such as driving speed and time. Research on mental models has detected the time-saving bias [Svenson, O. (1970). A functional measurement approach to intuitive estimation as exemplified by estimated time savings. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 86, 204–210]. It means that drivers relatively overestimate the time that can be saved by increasing speed from an already high speed, for example, 90–130?km/h, and underestimate the time that can be saved by increasing speed from a low speed, for example, 30–45?km/h. In congruence with this finding, mean speed judgments and perceptions of mean speeds are also biased and higher speeds given too much weight and low speeds too little weight in comparison with objective reality. Replacing or adding a new speedometer in the car showing min per km eliminated or weakened the time-saving bias. Information about braking distances at different speeds did not improve overoptimistic judgments of braking capacity, but information about collision speed with an object suddenly appearing on the road did improve judgments of braking capacity. This is relevant to drivers, politicians and traffic regulators.     

Simulation on progressive collapse behaviour of whole ship model under extreme waves using idealized structural unit method

To ensure the safety of navigating ship, working loads and structural load-carrying capacity are two important aspects. In the present paper, a total simulation system combing load calculation and structural collapse analysis is applied to simulate progressive collapse behaviour of a single-hull Kamsarmax type bulk carrier. A three dimensional singularity distribution method is adopted to calculate pressure distribution with time history. A mixed structural model, collapse part simulated by ISUM elements and remaining part by elastic FEM elements with relative coarse mesh, is proposed for collapse analysis. Progressive collapse behaviour obtained by ISUM is good agreement with that by nonlinear software package, MARC. However, the calculation time of ISUM analysis is about 1/70 of MARC analysis. The applicability to structure system, high accuracy and sufficient efficiency of ISUM had been demonstrated.     

长输油气管道金属损失漏磁内检测技术研究

以管道漏磁内检测器为载体,通过对管体进行在线的漏磁内检测,可以达到量化管道缺陷、避免事故发生的目的。文中介绍了管道金属损失漏磁内检测技术,分析了油气管道漏磁内检测技术原理及漏磁内检测系统组成,利用有限元分析方法研究了管道缺陷尺寸对于漏磁场信号的影响,验证了管道漏磁内检测技术的可靠性。     

船舶中速主机低频排气噪声控制研究

结合在船舶建造中遇到的低频主机排气噪声控制问题,从实船噪声源的确定、主机排气噪声谱分析和消声器声学性能验证等方面进行探索,并从排气噪声控制角度对船舶柴油机排气系统设计提出了建议。     

安全水平法在SOLAS 救生艇结构强度衡准制定中的应用

本文将安全水平法应用于SOLAS第III章救生艇结构强度衡准的制定。主要采用综合安全评估对救生艇结构强度相关的功能性要求进行衡准的初步制定,从而得出需要的安全水平。基于强度衡准理论分析、实艇试验和事故数据分析相结合的方式评估了现有救生艇结构强度的安全水平,对衡准的合理性提出修改的建议。研究结果为安全水平法在船舶技术标准制定和安全水平评估方面的应用提供了实际案例和使用建议。     

浅海锆钛砂矿采选一体船“泰鑫1”设计研究

主要介绍了我国首艘浅海锆钛砂矿采选一体船的设计背景、主要技术参数和功能，并进一步重点论述了本船总体设计、采矿系统、选矿系统、总纵强度计算和高压岸电系统的设计思路和成果，以供今后开发类似船型的行业同仁借鉴。     

淮北水洗煤矸石应用于路面基层的试验研究

为研究淮北水洗煤矸石替代集料用于水泥稳定基层的可行性，首先检测了原材料的基本性 能，初步排除了其内部含有有害化学成分的可能。然后通过不同水泥剂量的7d 无侧限抗压强度试验，分析了水泥剂量对混合料性能的影响规律。根据试验段基层指标要求，确定了配合比方案。 试验发现，单纯增加水泥剂量无法有效提升强度指标。为此参照规范级配掺入普通集料进行了级配调整，并选用韩村水洗煤矸石细料替代普通煤矸石。试验结果表明，调整后级配能满足干线 公路基层材料指标要求。检测试验段的压实度、回弹弯沉，并取芯评估，认为水洗煤矸石可替代普通水泥稳定碎石材料。经成本比较，底基层试验段节省约60%的材料费，基层试验段节省约40%的材料费。研究认为，淮北水洗煤矸石的原材料性质及物理力学性能初步符合替代基层集料的要求。     

Assessment of fatigue strength of steel butt-welded joints in as-welded condition – Alternative approaches for curve fitting and mean stress effect analysis

Experimental fatigue data for butt-welded joints in as-welded condition and under constant amplitude tensile loading (secondary bending included) were analyzed using the nominal stress system and the notch stress system. Two approaches were used; a standard fitting procedure and minimization of the sum of squared perpendicular distances from a line with a fixed and free slope. In all cases, the latter method gave better agreement between the experimental and predicted fatigue life and fatigue strength. The analyses showed both with all broken specimen data included and with reduced data that the FAT225 curve, as recommended by IIW, might be too optimistic for the notch stress approach in the case of butt-welded joints in as-welded condition. It was also found that use of the local stress ratio instead of the applied stress ratio might explain many issues concerning current observations and apparent inconsistencies in reported literature.     

LNG船舷侧碰撞损伤场景下的极限强度研究

液化天然气(LNG)船的船体极限强度是衡量其安全性及环境适应性的重要指标。LNG船在受到撞击损伤后的安全性,不仅取决于船体结构的剩余极限强度,还取决于其围护系统中的绝缘箱能否在船体损伤状态下承受结构变形所引起的应力载荷。利用有限元数值仿真技术和ABAQUS软件,建立LNG船液舱围护系统以及舱段的有限元模型,模拟LNG船舷侧受撞击场景。在碰撞损伤基础上,对含有液舱围护系统的LNG船舱段开展极限强度研究,获取LNG船舱段结构的极限承载能力。研究发现在船体达到极限强度状态之前,液舱围护系统不会失效。